POSCO Holdings & the Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation signed a memorandum of understanding to establish joint research cooperation on critical minerals processing & refining. The partnership combines Korean manufacturing expertise through Australian mineral science capabilities, addressing technology development for lithium, rare earths, & strategic materials essential for energy transitions. POSCO established Australia Critical Minerals Research & Development Laboratories in May 2025, representing the first overseas resource-specialised research base created by a Korean company in Australia, demonstrating strategic commitment toward international collaboration & supply chain development.