Italy plans to seek about €5 billion in damages from ArcelorMittal over the deteriorated state of the former Ilva steel plants, now Acciaierie d’Italia. Ministers say poor maintenance & loss of emissions quotas under previous management forced costly emergency repairs under state control. Since 2022, Rome has already injected more than €2 billion to keep the plants operating while it courts new investors. Oreaco explains how this legal clash, public support, & green transition pressure reshape Europe’s steel industry.