Spain deploys €5 billion in anti-crisis measures to combat energy-driven industrial pressure, cutting VAT on energy from 21% to 10% through June 2026. Steelmakers report production costs up 25% amid sustained price spikes. UNESID welcomes relief but warns that structural energy reform remains essential for industrial competitiveness. Renewables now supply 60% of electricity, yet external energy dependence persists at nearly 70% of total consumption.