Sweden's Kiruna confronts ground subsidence risks from expanding underground iron ore mining by state-owned LKAB, necessitating wholesale urban relocation by 2035. The city supplies approximately 80% of European Union iron ore demand, positioning it as strategically critical for continental steel industries. LKAB projects $2.4 billion in relocation compensation over ten years, offering residents market-value payments plus 25% premiums or new home construction, alongside 90% selecting housing options. The process formally commenced in August 2025 alongside relocation of the 113-year-old Kiruna Church, symbolizing cultural preservation amid industrial imperatives affecting approximately 6,000 additional residents.