Synthetic fuels are carbon-neutral alternatives produced from renewable hydrogen & captured CO₂. Costs remain 3–5 times higher than fossil fuels but are falling. Investments exceed €1.6 billion for facilities like H4 Marseille Fos. Europe leads with ReFuelEU mandates. Breakthrough technologies promise hydrogen at $1.50/kg. The global e-fuels market could reach $734 billion by 2034.