Nationally Determined Contributions are national climate plans under the Paris Agreement outlining emission reduction strategies updated every five years. Only 36 countries (18%) submitted third-round 2035 NDCs by September 2025 despite February deadlines. Current commitments project 2.3-2.5°C warming by 2100, far exceeding the 1.5°C Paris target. Country pledges vary dramatically: EU commits to 55% reduction below 1990 by 2030, USA targets 50-52% below 2005, China aims for pre-2030 peaking. The Global Stocktake revealed insufficient collective ambition, necessitating dramatically enhanced commitments expected through COP30 in Brazil.