A University of Mannheim study says Germany needs capped electricity prices, green hydrogen guarantees, & "buy European" rules to make green steel viable. Researchers warn a steel production collapse could cost Germany up to €50 billion ($57.3 billion) annually. Current investment plans cover only 23 million metric tons of the 40 million metric ton annual target needed by 2050. Green steel demand from automakers remains in single digits as a percentage of total steel purchases.