The European Union's carbon border levy has completed almost a year of its definitive phase. Importers of steel, cement, aluminium, fertiliser, hydrogen & electricity now calculate the carbon embedded in their goods. They will start paying for certificates in 2027, when the first annual declaration is due. Harsh default emissions values push exporters to measure & verify their real emissions. Countries from India to Brazil are building carbon markets in response. The United Kingdom launches its own version on 1 January 2027