Begging is a visible expression of deeper social vulnerability, but its causes vary widely among individuals. India is expanding rehabilitation through the SMILE scheme, which provides pathways involving healthcare, counselling, education, skills & livelihoods. Recent government data show thousands of people have entered rehabilitation since 2023. The larger challenge is preventing poverty, disability, homelessness, family breakdown & unemployment from pushing vulnerable people back onto the streets. Sustainable solutions require dignity, social protection, safe shelter, education & access to stable livelihoods.