A group of Dutch economists opposes a €2 billion government subsidy for Tata Steel Nederland. They argue the plant faces permanently higher energy costs, making it structurally uncompetitive. The funds, they claim, could be better spent on other parts of the economy. Tata Steel says the one-off aid package is essential. Without it, the company argues its expensive transition to green steel production cannot proceed. This places the Dutch government in a difficult position, weighing expert economic advice against industrial policy goals.