Offshore wind could generate 36,000 terawatt-hours annually, 18 times global 2018 electricity demand. Europe leads with 22 gigawatts installed capacity. Floating turbines unlock deeper waters beyond fixed-bottom limits, with spar buoy, tension leg, and semi-submersible designs competing commercially. Hornsea One in the UK remains world's largest at 1.2 gigawatts. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan invest heavily in floating technology to access deep coastal waters.