HYBRIT, a joint venture of SSAB, LKAB, & Vattenfall, has pioneered fossil-free steel using hydrogen instead of coal. The pilot plant in Luleå produced the world’s first hydrogen-reduced DRI in 2021, with Volvo receiving the first commercial batch. A 2.7 million metric ton per year plant is planned for Gällivare by 2030, cutting 35 million metric tons of CO₂ annually. EU Innovation Fund granted €1.1 billion.