Carbon capture and utilization technologies convert CO₂ from a harmful greenhouse gas into valuable products including construction materials, chemicals, fuels, and food ingredients. Five key approaches drive this field: mineralization, chemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, biological photosynthesis using algae, and direct air capture from the atmosphere. These technologies reduce emissions, conserve natural resources, and create new industries and jobs. Falling renewable energy costs are rapidly improving their commercial viability, making the carbon utilization economy a multi-trillion-dollar global opportunity.